فصلنامه خانواده و پژوهش
سال یازدهم شماره 4 (زمستان 1393)

This study examined parent-adolescent conflict as a mediator between perceived parenting styles and dimensions of anger expression. To this end, 360 high school girls were selected through random cluster sampling method in Tehran. The sample took the Perception of Parents Scale (POPS), the Conflict Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ), as well as Spielberger State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI). The data were analyzed by structural equation modeling (SEM). Results indicated that the analyzed model had a good fitness index. Additionally, findings indicated that the connection between perceived parenting styles and dimensions of anger expressions was indirectly mediated through parent-adolescent conflict.

Research has demonstrated that children and adolescents are more vulnerable to violence-related injuries than other groups due to the lack of emotional development, a fact which leads to their high delinquency rates. Hence, the present study aimed to identify the relationship between family violence against high school students and their delinquency in the city of Babol in 2012-2013 academic year. The study had a descriptive correlational design. The statistical population of the research comprised all high school boys and girls in Babol (3750 students including 1835 male and 1915 female). Based on Krejcie-Morgan Table and though random stratified sampling method, 351 students (179 female and 172 male) were selected as the statistical sample. The instrumentation included a self-devised 16-item violence questionnaire as well as a 35-item delinquency questionnaire whose validity was verified by the specialists of criminal law, criminology, sociology, psychology, and measurement. The reliability of the questionnaires was calculated to 0.85 and 0.78 respectively by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test, and analysis of variance) were used to analyze the data. Results showed that there was a positive, significant relationship between family’s mental, physical and verbal violence against students and their delinquency. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in students’ delinquency based on their gender and parent’s education level; however, no meaningful difference was found based on their place of residence.

To estimate the extent to which the implemented Smart School Program has been successful in terms of factors related to its input, process, and output, in the opinion of teachers and students of two such schools in Yazd, random samples were selected and then two questionnaires were administered. Close to %63 of the students consider the program as unsuccessful as far as factors related to input are concerned, while only %52 of the teachers had the same opinion. In terms of factors related to the process, the results were similar (%64 of teachers and %63 of students rated the program as unsuccessful). More than half of the teachers considered the output as unsuccessful while almost as many of students considered it successful.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the impact of Roger's client-centered approach on senior high school students’ attitude towards drug abuse in Tehran. The sample size was identified through Cochran’s formula and a sample of 40 students was selected by multistage sampling. This study was a quasi-experimental one with pretest-posttest, and follow-up stages. The data were collected using attitude towards drugs questionnaire which contained 40 five-option items (Delavar, 2004). Rogers’ client-centered approach was administered in 8 sessions of 90 minutes. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics (ANCOVA) were used. Results indicated that students who received Rogers’ client-centered approach significantly had lower attitudes than those who did not receive the intervention. Roger's client-centered approach had appropriate stability over time. The results showed that client-centered approach changed students’ attitudes towards drug abuse in the experimental group. Hence, it seems that this program, as a protective factor, can lead to negative attitude towards drug abuse.

The most significant factor in manifestation of behavioral and emotional symptoms among children is the family environment. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of conjoint behavioral consultation with Adlerian parent education to assess their efficacy on decreasing internalizing and externalizing symptoms among 8- to10-year-old children in Tehran. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group design. The instrumentation comprised Achenbach System of Empirically-Based Assessment (ASEBA), the CBCL as well as a researcher-made semi-structured interview. The sample consisted of 40 mothers whose children manifested internalizing and externalizing symptoms. The mothers were then randomly assigned to 1 control and 4 experimental groups. The experimental groups received the intervention during 8 weekly sessions of 90 minutes; however, the control group received no intervention. The results revealed that teaching conjoint behavioral consultation and Adlerian approach significantly decreased the internalizing and externalizing symptoms among 8- to 10-year-old children. In addition, the changes persisted in the 30-day follow-up.

Social adjustment which is a reflection of interaction with others as well as how satisfied someone is with their roles is affected by many factors including the family. Mother is the first individual who establishes social relationship with the child. Behavioral problems such as mothers’ aggression can result in children’s psychological maladjustment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the impact of cognitive-behavioral training on aggressive mothers and their children’s social adjustment. To this end, 50 high school female students from Tehran’s district 12 were chosen in 2013 through purposeful sampling and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. In the next step, mothers and their daughters completed aggression and the social adjustment questionnaires in pretest and posttest stages. The mothers were trained in ten sessions (two three-hour sessions per week). The intervention was based on cognitive-behavioral approach. The data were analyzed using repeated measures test and analysis of covariance. Results showed significant results for both scales. In general, it can be stated that cognitive behavioral training leads to decreased maternal aggression and could increase social adjustment of children.